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 论文编号：
org200807152142317706 |
| 论文属性：
essay |
| 论文语言：English |
| 论文国家：U.K. |
| 登出日期： 2008-07-15 |
| 字数： 3469 |
| 源程序：
无 |
| 价格：
免费论文 |
| 注明： |
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| 论文大纲，目录 |
| 关键词搜索：Cultural Differences International Marketing essay |
y save him from serious consequences. What right has your friend to expect you to protect him?
a. My friend has a definite right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
b. He has some right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
c. He has no right as a friend to expect me to testify to the lower figure.
What do you think you would do in view of the obligations of a sworn witness and the obligation to your friend:
d. Testify that he was going 20 miles an hour?
e. Not testify that he was going 20 miles an hour?
Figure 1 shows the result of putting these questions to a variety of nationalities. The percentage represents those who answered that the friend had no right or some right and would then not testify (c or b+e). North Americans and most northern Europeans emerge as almost totally universalist in their approach to the problem. The proportion falls to under 70% for the French and Japanese, while in Venezuela two-thirds of respondents would lie to the police to protect their friend.
Time and again in the workshops, the universalists response is that as the seriousness of the accident increases, the obligation to help their friend decreases. They seem to be saying to themselves the law was broken and the serious condition of the pedestrian underlines the importance of upholding the law. This suggests that universalism is rarely used to the exclusion of particularism, rather that it forms 英语论文网 【http://www.51lunwen.org】the first principle in the process of moral reasoning. Particular consequences remind us of the need for universal laws.
Particularist cultures, however, are rather more likely to support their friend as the pedestrians injuries increase. They seem to reason my friend needs my help more than ever now that he is in serious trouble with the law. Universalists would regard such an attitude as corrupt. What if we all started to lie on behalf of those close to us? Society would fall apart.
There is indeed something in this argument. But particularism, which is based on a logic of the heart and human friendship, may also be the chief reason that citizens would not break laws in the first place. Do you love your children or present them with a copy of the civil code? And what if the law becomes a weapon in the hands of a corrupt elite? You can choose what you call corruption.
As Figure 1 shows, universalists are more common in Protestant cultures, where the congregation relates to God by obedience to His written laws. There are no human intermediaries between God and His adherents, no one with the discretion to hear particular confessions, forgive sins or make special allowances. Predominantly Catholic cultures retain those features of religion which are more relational and particularist. People can break commandments and still find compassion for their unique circumstances. Moreover, for Catholics, God is like them; He will probably understand that you were lying for your
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